Аннотация
Двустворчатые моллюски как обитатели литоральной зоны Мирового океана подвержены колебаниями абиотических факторов окружающей среды. Резкие колебания параметров среды обитания сопровождаются развитием физиологической стресс-реакции в организме моллюсков, при этом изменения функционального состояния животных происходят за счет выброса нейромедиаторов в циркуляторное русло гемолимфы. Катехоламины являются ключевыми сигнальными молекулами в системе нейроэндокринной регуляции организма двустворчатых моллюсков и также участвуют в модуляции иммунного ответа в период физиологического стресса. Гемоциты, как центральное звено клеточного иммунитета двустворчатых моллюсков имеют на поверхности клеточной мембраны адренорецепторы, что предполагает наличие функциональной взаимосвязи между внешним стрессом и клеточным иммунным ответом организма. В настоящей работе в условиях in vitro исследовано влияние адреналина в концентрациях 1 и 10 мкМ на фагоцитоз, способность к адгезии и агрегации гемоцитов средиземноморской мидии Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819). Также изучено влияние адреналина на уровень спонтанной продукции активных форм кислорода и на изменения мембранного потенциала митохондрий клеток гемолимфы. Показано, что стимуляция гемоцитов мидий адреналином в концентрации 10 мкМ способствовала достоверному увеличению способности к фагоцитозу. Адреналин в концентрации 1 мкМ существенно увеличивал способность гемоцитов к адгезии на твердый субстрат. Также стимуляция клеток адреналином 10 мкМ в течение 30 минут приводила к росту мембранного потенциала митохондрий гемоцитов. Достоверных изменений в уровне спонтанной продукции активных форм кислорода в гемоцитах при воздействии адреналина не выявлено. Результаты настоящей работы свидетельствуют, что адреналин оказывает иммуномодулирующий эффект на гемоциты мидий и стимулирует их аэробный обмен.
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