Аннотация
Ожирение ассоциировано с дисбалансом кишечного микробиома и риском поражения нервной системы, при этом риск развития осложнений определяется метаболическим типом ожирения. Целью работы стало изучение взаимосвязи кишечного микробиома и содержания нейротрофинов (BDNF и NGF) при различных метаболических типах ожирения. Обследовано 130 здоровых доноров без ожирения и 104 пациента с ожирением, которые были разделены по метаболическому типу ожирения на подгруппы с метаболически здоровым (МЗО, n=40) и метаболически нездоровым типом (МНЗО, n=55). У пациентов проводилось измерение сывороточной концентрации нейротрофинов и определение таксономического состава микробиома кишечника методом секвенирования вариабельного участка гена 16S рРНК. Таксоны, положительно коррелировавшие с концентрацией BDNF, в основном были представлены бутират и/или ГАМК-продуцирующими микроорганизмам, способным деградировать муцин. Среди здоровых доноров, наиболее распространенным подобным таксоном, было семейство S24-7. При МЗО спектр таких таксонов включал Bacteroides spp., Rikenellaceae, Oscillospira spp., [Barnesiellaceae], B. ovatus и Anaerostipes spp., а при МНЗО – Bifidobacterium spp. и Coprococcus spp. Также был выявлен спектр таксонов, негативно коррелировавших с уровнем BDNF, большая часть которых при ожирении принадлежала к грамположительной флоре. Спектр таксонов, коррелировавших с уровнем BDNF, был уникален для каждой группы пациентов, что предполагает значительную роль межвидового взаимодействия микроорганизмов. Содержание NGF при ожирении было ассоциировано с рядом таксонов, тогда как у здоровых лиц подобная связь практически отсутствовала. Позитивные ассоциации с уровнем NGF были отмечены для Odoribacter spp. при МЗО и Slackia spp. при МНЗО. Негативную взаимосвязь с концентрацией NGF при МЗО проявляли H. parainfluenzae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Megamonas spp. и Clostridiaceae, а при МНЗО – ML615J-287 и Clostridiales. Таким образом, ожирение связано с появлением взаимосвязи «кишечный микробиом – NGF», что не характерно для здоровых доноров, и, по-видимому, является следствием усиления кишечной проницаемости.
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