Аннотация
Фагоциты дальневосточной голотурии Eupentacta fraudatrix методом градиентного центрифугирования разделяются на две фракции (Ф1 и Ф2 фагоциты), имеющие различные функциональные маркеры. Целью работы явилось выявление морфологических особенностей клеток двух фракций, их базового оксидантно-антиоксидантного статуса и фенотипа. Различными методами, включая световую и флуоресцентную микроскопию, цитометрический анализ и визуализирующую цитометрию, выявлены морфологические различия между двумя типами фагоцитов голотурии E. fraudatrix. Фагоциты различаются по своим размерным характеристикам, гранулярности, ядерно-цитоплазменному соотношению, показателям, характеризующим округлость клеток. Полученные данные свидетельствуют в пользу представлений о разном уровне дифференциации Ф1 и Ф2 фагоцитов и являются морфологическим обоснованием ранее полученных данных о разной роли этих клеток в иммунном ответе. В пользу представлений о разной функциональной роли двух типов фагоцитов свидетельствует и различный характер изменения числа этих клеток в зависимости от сезона. Наибольшие изменения числа Ф1 фагоцитов отмечены в период температурно-зависимых изменений метаболической активности голотурии, а Ф2 фагоцитов – в периоды, соответствующие тканевым перестройкам. Исследование базовых параметров функциональной активности не выявило достоверных различий в уровнях активных форм кислорода в обоих типах фагоцитов, при этом имелась тенденция к превышению уровня восстановленного глутатиона в Ф1 фагоцитах по сравнению с таковым в Ф2 клетках, что свидетельствует в пользу представлений о более высокой антиоксидантной активности в Ф1 фагоцитах. Дексаметазон оказывал на уровень связывания растительных лектинов из Canavalia ensiformis и Glycin max поверхностными рецепторами разнонаправленное действие в двух типах фагоцитов, подтверждая предположение о разном уровне их дифференцированности/активности и различной функциональной роли этих клеток.
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