Аннотация
Уже в раннем постнатальном периоде в различных отделах нервной системы, включая гиппокамп, наблюдается ритмическая электрическая активность. В гиппокампе этот феномен проявляется в виде гигантских деполяризующих потенциалов (ГДП), которые играют ключевую роль в росте нейронов и формировании межнейронных связей. Генерация и распространение ГДП регулируются множеством механизмов, среди которых особое место занимает пуринергическая система (с участием АТФ и аденозина), изученная нами. Наши исследования показали, что во время ГДП происходит выделение АТФ во внеклеточное пространство с последующим его гидролизом до аденозина. АТФ и аденозин способны модулировать активность как нейронов, так и глиальных клеток новорожденных через различные типы пуринергических рецепторов. В данном обзоре систематизированы современные данные о разнообразии эффектов пуринергической модуляции в гиппокампе новорожденных, феномене разнонаправленного действия пуринергических сигналов, экспрессии и функциональной роли всех подтипов пуринорецепторов в постнатальном периоде. Особое внимание уделено физиологической роли пуринергической модуляции в развивающемся гиппокампе.
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