Аннотация
Проведен анализ температурного коэффициента Q10 частоты сердечных сокращений (Q10HR) и потребления кислорода (Q10Ox) при пробуждении длиннохвостых сусликов Urocitellus undulatus, а также при отогревании предварительно охлажденных взрослых крыс и крысят. Величину Q10Ox вычисляли по стандартной формуле, тогда как для вычисления Q10HR формула была эмпирически модифицирована для отслеживания изменений этого параметра в широком диапазоне температур тела (Tb). Установлено, что у сусликов в начальный период выхода из спячки, при Tb ≤ 10 ℃, наблюдались высокие значения температурных коэффициентов Q10HR = 40 – 50 и Q10Ox = 6 – 7. Еще более высокие значения Q10HR > 100 были обнаружены в начале отогревания крысят, хотя у них был низкий уровень Q10Ox = 1.2. Взрослые крысы не выдерживали охлаждения ниже 16 ℃ и демонстрировали умеренную вариабельность как Q10HR = 2.0 – 4.0, так и Q10Ox = 2.0 – 2.2. В процессе восстановления нормальной Tb значения Q10HR у всех животных приближались к величине ~2.0, предсказанной правилом Вант Гоффа-Аррениуса для химических реакций в живой и неживой природе. Мы предполагаем, что высокие значения Q10HR и Q10Ox, обнаруженные в ранний период выхода сусликов из гибернации, могут свидетельствовать о функционировании адаптационных механизмов, направленных на ускорение согревания тела. Устойчивость к охлаждению и высокий коэффициент Q10HR у крысят, как представителей отряда Rodentia, к которому относятся также естественные гибернаторы – суслики, могут свидетельствовать о функционировании в ювенальный период крыс рудиментарных механизмов адаптации к охлаждению и гетеротермии.
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