Аннотация
Спинной мозг – наиболее филогенетически древнее образование центральной нервной системы. Более быстрый рост позвоночника по отношению к спинному мозгу в онтогенезе приводит к тому, что у взрослых млекопитающих некоторые сегменты спинного мозга смещены рострально по отношению к одноименным позвонкам, что называют восхождением спинного мозга. На основе литературных данных проводили сравнение скелетотопии поясничного отдела спинного мозга 17-и видов млекопитающих. У 4-х видов также проводили сравнение скелетотопии новорожденных и взрослых животных. Определяли отношение длины сегмента L2 к длине позвонка VL2 и номер позвонка, в котором находится 29-й сегмент спинного мозга, характеризующие степень восхождения. На основе литературных данных определялись часто используемые в сравнительных исследованиях характеристики: ловкость пальцев и коэффициент энцефализации. Показано, что различные виды в большей степени отличаются между собой относительной длиной верхних поясничных сегментов, а в рамках одного вида новорожденные отличаются от взрослых особей относительной длиной нижних поясничных сегментов. Для большинства видов степень восхождения спинного мозга значимо положительно коррелирует с ловкостью пальцев и коэффициентом энцефализации. Рассмотренные макроанатомические характеристики спинного мозга могут быть использованы для анализа взаимосвязей адаптационных механизмов у различных видов млекопитающих.
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