Аннотация
Реабсорбция белков в проксимальных канальцах почек происходит одновременно с транспортом ионов и воды, однако мало что известно о зависимости рецептор-опосредованного эндоцитоза белка от изменений водно-солевого баланса. Целью исследования явилось изучение канальцевой реабсорбции и внутриклеточного везикулярного транспорта различных белков в модели гипернатриемии на озёрных лягушках (Pelophylax ridibundus). В опытах лягушкам инъецировали гипертонический раствор хлорида натрия (0.75 М NaCl) за 1 ч до инъекции зелёного или жёлтого флуоресцентных белков (GFP или YFP), а также лизоцима. Для выявления лизоцима и рецептора эндоцитоза мегалина не срезах почек использовали метод флуоресцентной иммуногистохимии. Препараты изучали в лазерном сканирующем конфокальном микроскопе. На полученных изображениях определяли интенсивность флуоресцентных сигналов белков и мегалина в эпителиальных клетках проксимальных канальцев. Для изучения динамики эндоцитоза применяли автоматизированный метод количественной оценки колокализованных сигналов белка и мегалина. Установлено статистически достоверное снижение реабсорбции GFP, YFP и лизоцима в проксимальных канальцах после инъекций раствора NaCl по сравнению с контролем. Показано накопление белков в раннем эндоцитозном компартменте и снижение их поступления в поздние эндосомы и лизосомы, что рассматривается как свидетельство замедления внутриклеточного везикулярного транспорта при гипернатриемии. Полученные данные проанализированы в связи с изменениями показателей крови и деятельности почек в процессе осморегуляции, а также с ролью хлоридных каналов в рецептор-опосредованном эндоцитозе белков. Можно полагать, что усиление эпителиального транспорта ионов в проксимальных канальцах в условиях гипернатриемии приводит к снижению способности эпителиоцитов к реабсорбции белков и ингибированию их внутриклеточного транспорта в процессе эндоцитоза.
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