Аннотация
Докозагексаеновая кислота (С22:6ω3) и в значительно меньшей степени эйкозапентаеновая (С20:5ω3) являются основными полиненасыщенными длинноцепочечными жирными кислотами омега-3 ряда в фосфолипидах мозга млекопитающих. Огромное количество проведенных за последние годы исследований свидетельствует о важной роли омега-3 жирных кислот в регуляции поведения, памяти, психического и когнитивного развития у человека и животных. Показано, что докозагексаеновая и эйкозапентаеновая жирные кислоты необходимы для процессов нейро- и синаптогенеза, формирования новых нейронных сетей, стимуляции продукции нейротрофических факторов, нейрональной и синаптической пластичности. Дефицит поступления в организм омега-3 кислот приводит к снижению пространственной памяти, когнитивного развития, способности к обучению, нарушению зрения, психомоторных функций. В контексте современных представлений о роли омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот в когнитивных процессах в данной работе автор обсуждает опубликованные ранее собственные данные о резком увеличении количества эйкозапентаеновой кислоты С20:5ω3 в составе различных фосфолипидов в мозгу взрослых стрекоз Aeschna grandis L. по сравнению с личинками, связывая этот феномен с изменением среды обитания, значительным усложнением поведения взрослых форм, развитием высокоэффективных стратегий преследования добычи и переработки зрительной информации.
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