Аннотация
Рассеянный склероз (РС) – хроническое воспалительное аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся прогрессирующей демиелинизацией, приводящей к гибели нейронов центральной нервной системы. Заболевание обычно манифестирует у людей в возрасте 20-40 лет, но в последние годы наблюдается увеличение числа случаев с дебютом в РС детском возрасте. Мы предполагаем, что это может быть связано с особенностями состава кишечной микробиоты и ее способностью продуцировать витамины группы В. Цель исследования: выявить изменения состава кишечного микробиома в дебюте рассеянного склероза у детей и взрослых и оценить потенциал кишечного микробиома метаболизировать и синтезировать витамины группы В. В исследовании приняли участие 15 детей (9-17 лет), 15 взрослых, у которых РС манифестировал в детском возрасте и 14 взрослых старше 37 лет с длительность РС менее 1 года. Состав кишечного микробиома определяли методом секвенирования гена 16S рРНК на платформе Illumina с универсальными праймерами на вариабельный участок гена 16S рРНК V3-V4. Для прогнозирования наличия путей метаболизма витаминов группы В в кишечном микробиоме применяли алгоритм PICRUST с использованием базы данных эталонных геномов KEGG. Установлено, что у детей в дебюте РС происходят специфические изменения микробиома, отличные от изменений у взрослых. Эти изменения включают снижение альфа-разнообразия, а также редукцию доминантных филумов и увеличение p_Verrucomicrobiota и p_Mycoplasmatota, что сопровождалось уменьшением числа бактериальных генов, вовлекаемых в пути метаболизма и синтеза витаминов В1, В2, В3, В5 и В12. Такие изменения могут быть связаны с ранним проявлением симптомов РС у детей. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность дальнейшего изучения влияния кишечного микробиома и его метаболического потенциала на развитие и прогрессирование РС, особенно в детском возрасте, а также могут способствовать разработке современных более эффективных методов лечения и профилактики этого демиелинизирующего заболевания.
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