Аннотация
Исследовали влияние режима умеренной гипоксии на процессы энергетического обмена в тканях (жабры, гепатопанкреас) средиземноморской мидии (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819). Контрольная группа моллюсков содержалась при 6.8-6.9 мг О2 л-1, опытная при 1.9-2.0 мг О2 л-1. В обоих случаях температура воды составляла 22±1oC, соленость – 17-18 о/оо. Экспозиция – 72 ч. В условиях умеренной гипоксии в организме средиземноморской мидии развивался комплекс реакций, направленных на поддержание энергетического статуса тканей. Аэробные процессы явно ограничивались, о чем свидетельствовало снижение активности сукцинатдегидрогеназы. Одновременно усиливались анаэробные процессы в тканях. Повышалась активность альдолазы, малатдегидрогеназы, увеличивалось содержание пирувата. При этом глюкозо-лактатное направление метаболизма подавлялось. Это нашло отражение в отсутствии роста активности лактатдегидрогеназы и содержания лактата в тканях. Допускается переключение метаболизма на глюкозо-опинное направление, свойственное представителям рода Mytilus. В работе дается развернутая характеристика состояния аденилатной системы моллюска. Показано, что содержание фракции АТФ в тканях в условиях гипоксии оставалось на уровне контрольных значений, что отражало адаптивную направленность реорганизации тканевого метаболизма. Впервые отмечена способность гепатопанкреаса аккумулировать фракции АДФ и АМФ из систем циркуляции в условиях гипоксической нагрузки. Полагаем, что это может быть основной причиной роста пула аденилатов и понижения значений АЭЗ в данном органе. Из представленных результатов следует, что реорганизация процессов углеводного обмена в тканевых структурах средиземноморской мидии в условиях умеренной гипоксии позволяет сохранять энергетический статус ее тканей. Это является одним из основных условий, позволяющих моллюску осваивать проблемные гипоксические акватории.
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