Аннотация
Проведено сравнительное исследование морфологии нисходящих нейронов, связывающих надглоточный ганглий и торакальные ганглии у тараканов, представителей семейства Blaberidae, которые различаются защитным поведением и способностью к полету. Строение нейронов у тараканов этих семейств сравнивали с нисходящими нейронами таракана Periplaneta americana. Выявлено сходство в количестве, пространственном распределении, расположении аксонов и дендритов нисходящих нейронов у тараканов Leucophaea maderae, Gromphadorhina portentosa, Blaberus craniifer, Nauphoeta cinerea (Blaberidae). Обнаружены нейроны гомологичные оцеллярным, механочувствительным, зрительным нисходящим нейронам, описанным у таракана Periplaneta americana. Сделано предположение, что в процессе эволюции отряда таракановых изменение адаптивного поведения при опасности произошло за счет трансформации сенсорных входов и двигательных ответов, при этом система нисходящих нейронов осталась неизменной.
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