Аннотация
Известно, что ряд системных сердечных заболеваний различной этиологии (хроническая ишемия, аортальный стеноз, гипертензия, диабетическая кардиомиопатия, реперфузионное повреждение после ишемии и др.), ведущих к развитию сердечной недостаточности, сопровождается выраженной реорганизацией Т-системы кардиомиоцитов как у человека, так и у животных. Однако изменения в электрогенезе клеточной мембраны Т-системы кардиомиоцитов при этих заболеваниях практически не изучены. Целью работы было выяснить динамику изменений электрогенеза различных отделов мембраны кардиомиоцитов субэпикарда на разных сроках после ишемии-реперфузии (ИР) левого желудочка (ЛЖ) у крыс с использованием метода внеклеточной регистрации и оценить морфологические изменения Т-системы с использованием конфокальной микроскопии. Исследование проводили через один день, две и четыре недели после ИР. Было установлено, что сразу после ИР наблюдается изменение внеклеточно регистрируемых потенциалов действия первого типа (вПД1, характеризующиеся одним негативным пиком), регистрируемых в зоне мембраны кардиомиоцитов субэпикарда, свободной от входов в t-трубочки. Начиная с 24 часов, вплоть до четырёх недель после ИР происходило увеличение длительности времени спада (T90) и частоты встречаемости фазы следовой гиперполяризации вПД1, достигающих максимальных значений к четырём неделям после ИР. Помимо этого, в течение четырёх недель после ИР отмечается выраженное снижение амплитуды второго пика внеклеточно регистрируемых потенциалов действия второго типа (вПД2, характеризующиеся наличием двух негативных пиков), регистрируемых в зоне мембраны кардиомиоцитов субэпикарда, имеющей входы t-трубочек. Однако изменений в структурной организации Т-системы обнаружено не было. Эти данные свидетельствуют о том, что функциональные модификации Т-системы эпикардиальных кардиомиоцитов после ИР могут предшествовать их структурным модификациям.
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