Аннотация
Кишечная микробиота и ее метаболиты, такие как короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты (КЦЖК) и витамины, участвуют в поддержании энергетического гомеостаза, что актуально в контексте ожирения. Целью работы стало проведение скрининга прогнозируемой представленности путей биосинтеза витаминов и КЦЖК на основании данных метагеномного секвенирования микробиоты больных с метаболически здоровым ожирением (МЗО) и метаболически нездоровым ожирением (МНЗО). Все участники исследования (n=263) были разделены на две группы: контрольная группа (n=130) и пациенты с ожирением (n=133), которая в свою очередь была разделена по метаболическому фенотипу ожирения на подгруппы с МЗО (n=38) и МНЗО, (n=55). У пациентов проводилась оценка представленности метаболических путей образования витаминов и КЦЖК в фекалиях (PICRUSt2). У пациентов с ожирением наблюдалось увеличение представленности путей синтеза витаминов В1, В2, В5, В6, В7, В9 и витамина К, а также угнетение основных путей синтеза витамина В12. При этом характер изменений определялся метаболическим фенотипом ожирения. МЗО сопровождалось развитием дисбаланса в путях синтеза В1 и увеличенной представленностью путей образования витамина К. Тогда как МНЗО приводило к большим метаболическим возможностям микробиоты продуцировать витамины В1, В2, В5, В6, В7, В9 и К, а также к депрессии В12-синтезирующих путей. Кроме того, при МНЗО отмечалось увеличение представленности путей синтеза таких КЦЖК как ацетат, пропионат и бутират, что не было характерно для лиц с МЗО. В целом, изменение представленности метаболических путей у кишечной микрофлоры на фоне ожирения является результатом «селекции» микроорганизмов под действием специфических факторов, более выраженных при МНЗО. Таким образом дисбаланс в путях синтеза витаминов и короткоцепочечных жирных кислот кишечной флоры отражает нарушение метаболического симбиоза в рамках суперорганизма («микробиота-макроорганизм»).
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