Аннотация
В ходе эволюции организмы разработали стратегии, позволяющие использовать активные формы кислорода (АФК) в регуляции физиологических процессов и поддержании гомеостаза. Клетки тканей с высоким уровнем метаболизма и внутриклеточных АФК, одним из ярких примеров которых является ретинальный пигментный эпителий (РПЭ), более подвержены риску повреждения под действием окислительного стресса (ОС), под влиянием экзогенных или эндогенных факторов. Клетки РПЭ позвоночных, несмотря на консервативность строения глаза и основных функций его тканей, по-разному реагируют на ОС, что обусловлено видоспецифичностью компонентов сигнальных путей, формирующих систему антиоксидантной защиты (АОЗ). Важная роль в АОЗ принадлежит факторам транскрипции, в частности, Nrf2. Cистема АОЗ в РПЭ включает несколько уровней регуляции, взаимодействие которых обеспечивает стабильность морфофункционального состояния клеток. Филогенетический анализ демонстрирует не только консерватизм, но и вариабельность компонентов АОЗ, что может иметь адаптационное значение, отражать различия функциональной нагрузки и регенеративного потенциала. Выявление механизмов АОЗ, обеспечивающих морфофункциональную стабильность клеток РПЭ, имеет фундаментальное значение и нацелено на поиск тканеспецифичных мишеней для эффективной терапии спектра заболеваний глаза.
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