Аннотация
Мозговая активность существенным образом меняется в различных условиях социального взаимодействия. Однако влияние контекста социальных взаимодействий на нейрофизиологические корреляты когнитивной и творческой деятельности как таковой рассмотрены недостаточно. Могут быть выделены два полярных типа взаимодействий при решении задач – сотрудничество или соревнование. Целью данного исследования была оценка влияния условий соревнования на амплитуды вызванных потенциалов (ВП) при решении творческих и нетворческих задач. Испытуемые (26 мужчин, 18 женщин) выполняли два типа заданий индивидуально и в условиях соревнования в парах (мужчина-мужчина, женщина-женщина): творческое – придумать необычное использование повседневного предмета, и нетворческое – перечислить предметы из предложенных категорий. Сравнивали ВП в каждом из заданий между условиями соревнования и индивидуального выполнения. Условия соревнования приводили к уменьшению амплитуд компонентов P1, P2 и компонентов с латентностью N400, P600 как при творческой, так и при нетворческой деятельности, по всей видимости, свидетельствуя о затруднении процессов поиска ответа. Процент найденных ответов также был значимо ниже в условиях соревнования по сравнению с индивидуальным выполнением задания. Вероятно, значительная часть ресурсов при выполнении задания в условиях социального взаимодействия направлена на оценку реакций и ответов партнера, что проявляется как в снижении амплитуды более ранних компонентов, связанных с вниманием (P1, P2), так и поздних компонентов, связанных с семантической обработкой стимулов (N400, P600).
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