Аннотация
Лимфатическая система играет важную роль в дренаже тканей, выведении из них ненужных метаболитов и токсинов, а также это ключевая площадка, где разворачиваются сценарии иммунных реакций, защищая организм от бактерий и вирусов. В центральной нервной системе (ЦНС) дренажные процессы протекают с такой же интенсивностью, что и в периферических тканях. Мозг активно обменивается с кровью питательными соединениями и выделяет ненужные метаболиты, используя дренажные пути, которые тесно связаны с периферической лимфатической системой. Эти же пути являются «воротами» для трафика иммунных клеток и антител в ЦНС, которые могут осуществлять «центральный» иммунитет. За двухвековую историю изучения дренажных процессов мозга накоплено множество фактов, косвенно свидетельствующих о существовании лимфатических сосудов в ЦНС. Однако даже с появлением высоких технологий визуализации структур мозга и переломного события в нейронауке, когда пере-открыли менингеальные лимфатические сосуды (МЛС), ученые не продвинулась дальше подтверждения уже существующего факта о присутствии лимфатической сети исключительно в оболочках мозга, но не в его тканях. Отметим, что переоткрытие МЛС американскими учеными не явилось поистине новым для науки, поскольку их впервые описал итальянский анатом Масканьи еще 2 века назад и его результаты были подтверждены во многих других исследованиях, выполненных на оболочках человека, макак, грызунов, собак, кроликов и Zebrafish. Поэтому в научной общественности «забытые» МЛС не были признаны как новое открытие.
Данный обзор освещает переломные изменения в нейронауке, когда на сцену выходит новый игрок, расставляющий на свои логичные места двухвековые усилия ученых объяснить, как выводятся из мозга ненужные молекулы и токсины, а также как осуществляется дренаж и иммунитет в ЦНС. Это важная информативная платформа как для принципиально новых фундаментальных знаний о лимфатической системе оболочек мозга, так и для развития инновационных технологий нейрореабилитации на основе управления лимфодренажными процессами выведения токсинов и ненужных молекул из ЦНС.
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