Аннотация
Опыт оптогенетического протезирования сетчатки на животных моделях насчитывает уже более 16 лет, а в последний год появились первые результаты, полученные на человеке. За этот срок стали понятны основные проблемы протезирования, и одновременно были предложены подходы к их решению. В настоящем обзоре мы ставим себе задачу представить достижения в области оптогенетического протезирования биполярных клеток, уделяя внимание в основном относительно недавним публикациям. В обзоре описаны преимущества и недостатки протезирования биполярных клеток по сравнению с альтернативной мишенью – ганглиозными клетками, а также проведен сравнительный анализ эффективности использования в качестве протезирующего инструмента ионотропных светочувствительных белков, каналородопсинов, или метаботропных рецепторов, родопсинов.
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