Аннотация
Онкологические заболевания занимают второе место в статистике смертности от неинфекционных заболеваний в России и мире. Эволюционная медицина – относительно новая область знаний на стыке эволюционной биологии, генетики человека и медицины, которая использует методы эволюционной биологии для изучения природы патологических процессов в организме человека. Перспективы применения эволюционного подхода в онкологии связаны с изучением патогенеза онкологических заболеваний, причин их появления в процессе эволюции, а также закономерностей, лежащих в основе процессов патоморфоза и формирования демографических различий в клинических проявлениях онкологических заболеваний. Одним из перспективных направлений исследований в области эволюционной медицины является изучение клональной эволюции опухолей, что может быть использовано для выявления закономерностей развития отдельных типов злокачественных новообразований. Результаты подобных исследований могут использоваться в качестве основы для разработки методов ранней диагностики, более эффективных методов лечения и профилактики онкологических заболеваний. Данная статья дает представление об эволюционной онкологии, как новой биомедицинской области знаний.
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