Аннотация
Проведено сравнительное исследование влияния кальциевой нагрузки на митохондрии сердца крысы (МСК(K+)), у которых часть ионов K+ в их матриксе была заменена на ионы Na+ (МСК(Na+)). Нагрузка МСК(K+) кальцием снижала их дыхание, разобщённое 2,4-динитрофенолом, и уменьшала потенциал внутренней мембраны (∆Ψмито). При этом набухание этих митохондрий увеличивалось в средах с 25 мМ K-ацетатом или 125 мМ NH4NO3. Эти эффекты кальциевой нагрузки были ещё больше в аналогичных опытах с МСК(Na+). Ингибиторы митохондриальной кальций-зависимой поры (МКЗП), АДФ и циклоспорин А, полностью устраняли вышеуказанные эффекты Ca2+ в опытах с МСК(K+), и лишь частично в опытах с МСК(Na+). При увеличении внеклеточной концентрации Na+ наблюдался положительный инотропный эффект, однако пре-инкубация в бескальциевом растворе приводила к отрицательному инотропному эффекту. Таким образом, частичная замена K+ на Na+ в матриксе сделала митохондрии сердца крысы более чувствительными к Ca2+ и увеличивала в их внутренней мембране вероятность открытия МКЗП. Вместе с увеличением цитоплазматического [Na+]i, это может увеличивать кальциевую перегрузку кардиомиоцитов, делая более вероятным их повреждение при ишемии/реперфузии.
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