Аннотация
Многообразие нейронных сетей ЦНС определяется, в том числе, гетерогенностью популяций нейронов в её составе. В качестве маркеров нейронов разных морфотипов могут выступать кальций-связывающие белки; среди которых одним из наиболее распространенных является кальретинин. В настоящей работе с помощью непрямого иммуногистохимического метода были маркированы кальретинин-иммунопозитивные нейронные популяции поясничных сегментов спинного мозга кошки. В исследовании было выявлено 19 морфотипов нейронов, имеющих строгую посегментную и ламинарную локализацию, сделана попытка сопоставления предполагаемой функции этих нейронов с данными литературы. Среди выявленных морфотипов, три локализуются в пластине I и соответствуют нейронам, участвующим в передаче болевой и температурной информации. В пластине II обнаружены клетки одного морфотипа, на которых сходятся болевые афференты. Три типа пучковых нейронов, передающих информацию от периферических механо- и ноцицепторов в супраспинальные структуры, представлены в пластинах III-IV. Пластины V-VI характеризуются функционально разными нейронами пяти морфотипов: интернейронами ядер Кларка и аналогичной зоны каудальных поясничных сегментов, на которые сходится проприоцептивная информация; нейронами на латеральной границе между белым и серым веществом, отвечающими на болевые и тактильные сигналы и двумя типами неупорядоченно распределенных вставочных, пучковых или проприоспинальных клеток, получяющих разнородные афферентные сигналы от мышечных веретен. В пластинах VII-VIII выявлено два типа симпатических преганглионарных нейронов (в интермедиолатеральном и интеркалированном ядрах), интернейроны Реншоу и три типа разноразмерных дисперсно распределенных мультиполярных клеток, определение функции для которых является затруднительным. В пластине IX, представленной мотонейронными пулами, иммунопозитивных нейронов не обнаружено. Вокруг центрального канала в пластине X локализованы редкие нейроны, функция для которых, в силу малого числа их морфологических признаков, не определена.
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