Аннотация
В обзоре обобщены современные представления о роли мелатонина в антенатальном онтогенезе. Приведены результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследований, раскрывающие механизмы участия мелатонина в процессе формирования и развития единой системы «мать-плацента-плод». Рассмотрена ключевая роль материнского мелатонина и его циркадного ритма в осуществлении генетической программы морфо-функционального развития плода. Обсуждаются механизмы её защиты от повреждения, вызванного окислительным стрессом и воспалением при осложнениях беременности. Осуществляя контроль метилирования ДНК и модификации гистонов мелатонин предупреждает изменения экспрессии генов, имеющих непосредственное отношение к программированию заболеваний потомства. Представленный материал обосновывает перспективы использования мелатонина в клиническом акушерстве с целью профилактики и лечения перинатальной патологии плода.
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