Аннотация
Эпилепсия является одним из распространённых неврологических заболеваний человека, при этом почти трети больных современные противосудорожные препараты не помогают полностью избавиться от эпилептических приступов. Поэтому поиск и разработка новых подходов лечения эпилепсии остается одной из актуальных проблем современной фундаментальной нейробиологии и клинической неврологии. В последние годы все большее внимание исследователей привлекает генная терапия эпилепсии. На сегодняшний день для генной терапии приоритетным направлением считается гиперэкспрессия каких-либо генов в нейронах, снижающих активность нейронных сетей в эпилептическом очаге, включая как экспрессию белков-каналов, так и тормозных нейромодуляторов. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем возможность использования гиперэкспрессии кальций-зависимых калиевых каналов. Преимущество выбора данной подгруппы каналов для генной терапии может заключаться в том, что максимальная активация кальций-зависимых калиевых каналов и их гиперполяризующее действие реализуется при накоплении внутриклеточного кальция, что наблюдается при эпилептической активности в нейронных сетях. В клетках млекопитающих экспрессируется несколько подтипов кальций-зависимых калиевых каналов. Анализ имеющихся экспериментальных и клинических данных показывает, что каналы с промежуточной (IK-каналы) и малой проводимостью (SK-каналы) могут обладать высоким терапевтическим потенциалом для применения в генной терапии эпилепсии.
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