Аннотация
Интенсивные исследования нейрофизиологических коррелятов креативности последних лет выявили связь фоновой активности мозга (в том числе активности DMN – «сети в режиме по умолчанию») и показателей креативности. Однако не ясны пока специфические компоненты такой активности, определяющие высокий уровень вербальной или невербальной креативности, и значение интеллектуальных способностей для успешного решения экспериментального творческого задания. Баланс фоновой активности фронтальных и задних отделов коры может отражать индивидуальный стиль решения проблемы, в качестве индикаторов такого баланса рассматриваются осцилляции разных частотных диапазонов.
В связи с этим нами был выполнен анализ частотно-пространственной организации фоновой ЭЭГ, который выявил различия в мощности дельта-, тета-, альфа 2- и бета 2-ритмов в группах, дифференцированных по показателям оригинальности ответов при тестировании вербальной и образной креативности. Более высоким креативным способностям соответствуют большие значения мощности низкочастотных биопотенциалов в передней части коры и снижение мощности альфа-ритма в задних отделах. «Преднастройка» активности коры к вербальной оригинальности проявляется преимущественно в височных и центрально-париетальных областях коры, а к образной - для париетально-окципитальных. Вклад зрительно-пространственного компонента интеллекта в связанные с образной креативностью изменения активности коры представлен в большей степени на частоте дельта- и альфа 2-ритма, а вклад вербального компонента интеллекта в «преднастройку» нейронных систем коры для вербальной креативности – на частоте тета- и бета 2-диапазона.
Следовательно, анализ частотно-пространственной организации активности коры головного мозга может быть полезным инструментом для выявления роли интеллектуальных способностей и эмоционально-мотивационной регуляции при формировании разных стратегий достижения высокого уровня креативности.
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